Biography Ataturk Kemal

There is no reliable information about the date of birth, subsequently Kemal chose the date of his birth on May 19 - the day of the start of the struggle for the independence of Turkey. At birth, he received the name Mustaf, he received the nickname Kemal “Perfection” at a military school for mathematical abilities, the name of Ataturk “Father of the Turks” appropriated him the great national assembly of Turkey in the year.

The boy studied at the State Military School, then graduated from the Military Academy and the Academy of the General Staff in Istanbul, and in the rank of captain was appointed to Damascus, where using his position, carried out political campaigning in the troops. In years, Kemal organized several secret societies, a revolutionary orientation, to combat corruption in the government and the army.

But during the revolution of the year, he spread into his eyes with the movement of youngsters and moved away from political activity. He participated in Italo-Turkish, Second Balkan and First World War, for his merits received the rank of general and the title of Pasha. After the war, Kemal did not recognize the surrender of the Sultan before the states of the Entente and the section of the Ottoman Empire on the Sevres Peace Treaty.

After the landing of the Greek troops in Izmir, he organized and headed the national liberation movement throughout Anatolia. Relations with the Sultan government in Istanbul were interrupted. In the year, in Ankara, Kemal was elected chairman of the new Great National Assembly, which declared itself the supreme authority. As a chairman, and soon as the Supreme Commander, he created an army and led it in a liberation war against the Anglo-Greek intervention.

Under the command of Kemal, the Turkish army defeated the interventionists in the year, forcing the Entente to sign a more fair Lausanian agreement. On the initiative of Kemal, the sultanate was abolished, the caliphate was eliminated and the republic was proclaimed. Ataturk was elected her first president in the year and re -elected three more times. He actually established the mode of moderate dictatorship and pursued a policy of modernizing and reforming the Turkish state according to the Western model.

The new Turkish state took a new form of government with the president, parliament, the constitution. The single -party system of Kemal’s dictatorship lasted more than 20 years and only after his death was replaced by a multi -party. He also changed the capital of the state, Ankara became it. Thanks to Kemal in the year in Turkey, the equality of sexes was proclaimed, women received suffrage.

The education reform was carried out, the Latin alphabet replaced Arabic, family surnames were introduced according to the Western model.

In the economy, the president pursued a policy of nationalization, and his foreign policy was aimed at achieving the country's independence. Mustafa Kemal Ataturk died on November 10 in Istanbul. Ataturk cult in Turkey is official and massive, but, of course, not unconditional. A large statesman, he possessed a sense of humor, loved the fun, but retained the sober mind of politics.

One of the modern architectural monuments of Ankara is the Ataturk mausoleum. Persons of the day March 17:-Iren Zholio-Kuri French physicist, Nobel laureate.