Biography P and Yakushina

Yakushkina, was born in the year at the estate of Saburovo of the Maloarkhangelsky district of the Oryol province, now the Pokrovsky district of the Oryol region, in a wealthy noble family. His father, Ivan Andreevich, served in the guard, resigned as a lieutenant and lived constantly in the village, where he married a serf peasant woman Praskovye Faleevna. After his death, the family remained in the arms of a mother, who enjoyed the general respect, inspired by her endless kindness, a bright mind and cordiality.

At the same time, she possessed the tact of an experienced housewife, and the estate, which remained after her husband, was not only not upset, but was brought into the best state. Thanks to this, Praskovya Faleevna had the opportunity to educate six sons in the Oryol gymnasium and then three of them to Alexander, Pavel and Victor to open the road to higher education. Having comprehended the letter in the parental house and assimilating the “beginnings of sciences”, Yakushkin entered the Oryol gymnasium, where he attracted his attention, negligence in the costume and complete inability to observe the intelligent, decent and consistent appearance with the noble title.

Especially with his naughty Wikhrams, he “killed the master of the director”, and no matter how they cut these whirlwinds, they constantly stuck in all directions, to the horror of the authorities, who was unpleasant to mess with Yakushkin’s hair and therefore, that every time he “rudely justified such peasants that in all classes darkened with laughter”. Thus, the passion for commonness was formed by Yakushkin back in school, and the German language teacher Flyndorf only called him as “a man’s scarecrow”.

In the year, Yakushkin entered Moscow University for the Faculty of Mathematics, listened to it quite successfully before the 4th year, but did not graduate from the university both as a result of an accidental mistake of choosing a faculty, inconsistent with desires and vocation, and as a result of passion for a completely different kind of class that made his name known in literature and society.

He was then a teacher in county schools in Bogodukhov, then in Oboyan, the Kharkov educational district, but in which one is not long and unsuccessfully. Acquaintance with M. Pogodin and even more with P. Kireevsky took him a completely different road. Upon learning that Kireevsky was collecting folk songs, Yakushkin recorded one and sent to him with a comrade who dressed up a lackey.

Kireevsky issued 15 rubles for this song by banknotes. Yakushkin soon repeated this experience twice and received an invitation from Kireevsky to get acquainted. The songs were genuine folk art. Sensitive to Yakushkin’s abilities, Kireevsky, at his own expense, set him a job that he liked so much that he forced him to abandon the university: namely, he sent him to research to the Northern Volga provinces.

Yakushkin put a popular box on his shoulders, stuffed with Open's goods, no more than ten rubles, picked up arshin in his hands and went under the guise of a curtain to study nationality and for studying and recording songs. The goods taken, selected more in the calculation of a weak girl’s heart, was not intended for sale, but for exchange for songs and for suitable ethnographic material.

And since then, Yakushkin was spaced all his life. The image of the wanderer was amiable and roads to Yakushkin, as out of habit, the same amount of the exclusivity of the situation among the people, where the person to the person is great honor and respect. In the spirit of that time, Yakushkin’s idea can be considered positive madness, which, at least, found himself an excuse only in the hobbies of youth.

The first journey of Yakushkin was finished well, and a walk without obstacles left only the most favorable impression, raised, entrusted and promised the greatest successes due to acquired techniques and practice. Upon returning from a campaign to Moscow, Yakushkin through M. Pogodin became known Slavophiles. Acquaintance with this circle was the reason that Yakushkin himself became a Slavophile, but not in the narrow sense, as our criticism understood this: he made sincere love and firm faith in an honest, gifted nature of the Great Russian tribe and the breadth of his world calling; He fell in love with him so much that his whole life later he remained for him an employee, we’ll engulf and intercessor.

After the first trip, Yakushkin went to the second, third and, it seems, the fourth campaign, and again under the protection of the box and under the guise of a milk merchant. In one of these wanderings, Yakushkin became infected with natural smallpox, fell ill and fell in the first village corner that hit; Healthy nature, however, withstood the disease, but his face was very disfigured, and Yakushkin more than once had to pay for this accidental misfortune from those people who were accustomed to impress in the face.

Sweeped by a long beard, with long hair, it sometimes scared women and children with secluded meetings and aroused suspicion of police officers. One of the largest adventures was a lot of noise to arrest his Pskov police in the person of her polysmaster Gempel. Yakushkin was planted in Kutuzka, in which he spent up to 2 weeks.It is remarkable that when this story ended, Yakushkin was in friendly relations with hemplex and subsequently spoke with meekness, without remembering his evil and not to blame him and condemn.

Politics did little Yakushkin. He treated literary directions with complete indifferentism and in all editions entered with the same good nature, not paying attention to their mutual enmity. All the sympathies of Yakushkin were on the side of the workers, especially farm laborers, factory, generally gone, which, according to him, "the owners are ready to freeze and can be freezed if they themselves do not come and do not find out how they are needed." The ideal of the social structure was a giant artel in his imagination, which contains all of Russia.

Songs overheard and recorded by Yakushkin entered the rich meeting of P. Kireevsky, who did not manage to publish them during his lifetime, but before his death expressed the desire that the selection of songs and their final editors were made both by right and by the strength of the deep knowledge of Yakushkin. It happened wrong. The heir to Kireevsky handed this case to Bessonov.

Surrounded by a refusal and received a blow to the most sensitive side of the heart, Yakushkin came to Petersburg and complain about his failure, which seemed to him the biggest failure of his life, and if possible to get out of his offensive position he had taken out. A meek, by nature, to self -sacrifice, non -sounding to originality, he resorted to this time to measures that seemed most worthy and harmless to him.

He managed to make his independent separate song collection with the help of personal memories and his wonderful memory and with the assistance of friends and acquaintances. The editors of the “domestic notes” hospitably took away the place from this collection, and Yakushkin calmed down, considering this task to be over for himself.

And only to clean the conscience, I considered it necessary to clarify this matter to the reader in a polemic article printed in the journal "Library for Reading". Yakushkin arrived in St. Petersburg in the year, in the midst of the excitation of that time, in which the expected liberation of the peasants occupied a large role. Yakushkin, as a well-known people and ethnographer, was cordially met in literary circles and began to write something for “Sparks”, “Libraries for Reading”, “Domestic Notes” and other magazines.

At the same time, he became a famous and metropolitan public, having the opportunity to appear on literary readings and appear on the streets in his original costume, where he was pointed to a person who "walked around Russia." His photographic cards, made very successfully by the artist Berestov, were bought dozens and people were given out for Pugachev’s portraits, and in Paris, in Palais Royal, they were sold even with the signature of “Pugatseuff”.

In this year, he made his usual campaign, which brought him to Nizhny Novgorod during the Makaryevsky Fair, at which there was a random congress of several writers P. Melnikova, V. Bezobrazova, I. Arsenyev, P. Boborykin and others. On this occasion, the then fair head of A. Shipov, an educated person, known for his versatile social activity and deep sympathies for literature and the author of many scientific treatises, arranged a large lunch on subscription, in which eminent merchants and visitors for lunch were attended by writers.

Among the diners was Yakushkin. Having drank, he made a sharp remark of a sharp remark to the interference of a spoon of I. During the speech of Zavelzov, he cut off in the buffet of the adjutant, the local gendarme headquarters officer Perfiliev, he complained to the then-Governor General Ogarev, introducing Yakushkin in the form of a dangerous, embarrassing the people of the agitator.

He was arrested and sent to St. Petersburg, and from there he was sent to the eagle to his mother. The silent and innocent warehouse realized that with his weaknesses he could only cause annoyance of his mother who had loved. Therefore, having not been in Orel for a short time, he prayed to his friends: “Say the mother from me! How much I can understand, they wanted to punish me here by sending me, but my mother was punished.

Enter the position of innocent, honest and kind old woman, obliged to see a daily lost son before. ” His petition was respected: he was transferred from the Oryol province to Astrakhan. Here he lived under administrative supervision in Red Yar and Enotaevsk. His health was extremely upset by all all sorts of hardships and shocks of a strange, homeless life, and an excessive addiction to Carochka.

Regarding the last circumstance, he could safely say that none other than the people themselves in the countless taverns of the Russian Empire spoke him. This soon turned Yakushkin in an incurable alcoholic and made a hero of various anecdotal eccentricities. In the year, Yakushkin was allowed to move to one of the district cities of the Samara province.

Arriving in Samara, he fell ill with a return typhus and lay in the city hospital, where he died on January 8 next year in the hands of a famous writer-publicist and doctor V. Yakushkin died with the good -natured carelessness with which he lived his whole frozen life, with his favorite song on his lips: “We will sing and play, and death will come, we will die!