Bұar Zhyrau Biography

His life and work are associated with that era. Pages of life of Bukhar-Zhyrau Who is Bukhar-Zhyrau? Bukhar-Zhyrau Kalkamanuly in the memory of the people is represented as one of the great thinkers of the steppe. He is known as a talented author of poetic thoughts about the fate of the people. He went down in history as the chief adviser Abylai Khan. The year of birth of the thinker is definitely not established, is called, or a year.

The ancestors of the boy were foremen of the Argyn family. His father Kalkaman like a batyr became famous in battles with the jungars. The first 7 years, as the legend says, the boy remained deaf -mute. He got into a tornado, after which he began to hear and speak, but he spoke with poems. At the same time, his sharp mind and the ability to improvise were manifested.

The father sent a gifted teenager to study in the Kokeldash madrassas in Bukhara, where he became the best student. After the madrasah, he continued the education of Syria in Damascus in the leading Muslim higher educational institution. Here the young man received a brilliant education, knowledge of the Arabic, Persian, Oirat and Chinese languages. Returning to Bukhara, the young man was an adviser to Emir for some time, then the city of Turkestan moved to the capital of the Kazakh Khanate.

Bukhar Kalkamanuly became a mentor of Muddaris in a madrasah in Karnak near the capital. According to the authors of the article about the work of Zhyrau, he changed the educational process in the madrasah, which used to be aimed only at memorizing the Qur'an. The new teacher made an obligatory study of the Arabic language, logic and oratory, laws. At the same time, he conducted classes in a song form, which was more familiar to the Kazakhs and was better remembered.

In his youth, Bukhar-Zhyrau served a biy judge for some time, proved himself as an expert on laws. Under Tauk Khan, he became a noticeable statesman. Along with the famous biyas, he compiled the text “Zheta Zharga” - the first Code of Laws in the history of Kazakhstan, which was adopted in the year. His knowledge was useful in the formation of the norms of administrative, criminal, civil law, land use rules, as well as in sections on taxes, family relations.

Already in adulthood, after 60 years, the most important events occurred in the Bukhar-Zhyrau biography, which later called the Golden Page in the history of Kazakhs. In the beginning of the x, he first became a mentor, and then the main adviser to the young Sultan of the Middle Zhuz Abylai. Khan strove to unite all the Zhuz into a single state. Bukhar-Zhyrau saw the genius of Khan Abylai, believed in him, became the ideological inspirer of his undertakings.

A skilled diplomat and connoisseur of languages ​​Bukhar-Zhyrau visited Abyla in all adjacent countries. He predicted a favorable time to start the campaigns, gave wise tips in difficult situations. How many years did Bukhar-Zhyrau live? The date of death of Bukhar-Zhyrau is also not known for sure, and a year is called. Given the unidentified date of birth, it is difficult to determine how many years his life path has been.

It is believed that he lived for more than years. The burial of Bukhar Zhyrau was found in the Bayan-Aul.

In the year, the mausoleum was erected over him. The unfading glory of this historical personality brought his poetic work. Zhyrau was called improvisers who give valuable advice, calling for justice, morality and good. In addition, Zhyrau kept knowledge about the history of clans and tribes, became carriers of a national idea. Bukhar-Zhyrau did not save his works. More lines recorded by his contemporaries have come to our time.

They were collected by the grandson of the poet at the end of the 19th century. The notes of the creations of Bukhar-Zhyrau continue to find in the foreign archives of Russian, Chinese, Uzbek. How did the people call Bukhar-Zhyrau? The most popular improvisers people gave respectful names. The researcher of the work of Bukhar-Zhyrau Asem Abdurahmanov calls him the main topic of passionate love for his people and homeland.

The Kazakhs were threatened by the Dzungars, their lands were in a vice between two giants - Russia and China. To preserve the country, it was necessary to overcome birth and tribal ranges, small clan interests. On such a historical interweaving, the phenomenon of Bukhar-Zhyrau manifested itself. The poet was aware of the need for national unity, considered Abylai Khan a figure who was able to realize the idea of ​​unity.

These ideas sound in his poem “Sabalak” and verses: “Ay, Abylay, when I saw you”; “When there was a great disaster”; "Welfare"; "Abylai, you are at the age of 11." The author of Zhyrau had the right to point to the ruler of mistakes and errors. He allowed himself that no one from the environment of the khan could warn against excessive despotism, against vanity. As a teacher, an adviser, he could advise him to extinguish anger in a friendly manner, reminded that the ruler should take care of his people.

The issues of ethics, traditional for folk poetry, the themes of instructions, education, reflected in his work. At the same time, he considered the main thing to be faithful to God and Muslim duty, to avoid atrocities and ignorance. The work of Bukhar-Zhyrau has become a significant contribution to the formation of the national self-awareness of the Kazakhs. The artistic value of the works allows it to be called one of the founders of Kazakh literature.