Biography of Peter 3

On the line of his father, Karl Peter Ulrich was the grandchildren of the Swedish king Charles XII, and was declared the heir to the Swedish throne. At the age of Tie, the crown prince remained an orphan after the death of his parents, and was brought up in the house of a cousin, the future king of Sweden Adolf Frederick. The prince's educators paid little attention to his education and often cruelly punished the boy.

In the city, at her request, he was taken to St. Petersburg, where he accepted Orthodoxy under the name of Grand Duke Peter Fedorovich. Academician J. was appointed his teacher and teacher after the wedding Peter and Catherine received the possession of Oranienbaum and Lyubertsy. After the death of Elizabeth Petrovna on December 25, one of his first steps was the conclusion of peace with Prussia, which eliminated all the successes of Russia in the seven -year war.

During his short rule, Peter III issued a large number of decrees and other legislative acts. The most significant initiatives of the new emperor include the abolition of the office of secret and search affairs of the secret office - the main body of political investigation and the court in Russia. Along with the liquidation of the office, the “word and deed of the sovereign” institute of denunciations was prohibited and many statesmen - B.

Minich, E. Biron, I. Lestok and others were returned from exiles.

Under Peter III, the process of secularization of church lands began, the persecution of the Old Believers was discontinued and an attempt was made to introduce freedom of religion. According to this legislative act, the nobles were exempted from compulsory civil or military service, they could resign and go abroad. The manifesto became the basis for the exceptional privileged position of the noble estate in the Russian Empire for a long time.

The inconsistent and contradictory domestic and foreign policy pursued by Peter, as well as a personal hostility towards the emperor of many high -ranking state and military figures, became the basis for the preparation of the palace coup. The most active role in the conspiracy against the emperor was played by the officers of the guard, including the famous brothers Grigory, Alexei and Fedor Orlov.

In addition, many senior dignitaries - N. Panin, M. Volkonsky, K. Razumovsky and others joined the conspiracy. Ekaterina Alekseevna arrived from Peterhof to Petersburg, where she was proclaimed the empress. Soon she was swore allegiance to the guard, the Senate and the Synod. Having learned about this, Peter first moved to Kronstadt, and then arrived in Oranienbaum, where he signed a renunciation of the throne.

Accompanied by the guard of the guards, led by A. Orlov, the former emperor was taken to Ropsha. Pyotr Fedorovich died in Ropshe under unknown circumstances. The official version was the end of the disease, but many contemporaries and researchers insist on the violent causes of his death. After the death of Catherine II in the city of the mysterious death of Peter Fedorovich, it caused a number of movements of the impostors who pretended to be the saved emperor, the most famous of which was Emelyan Pugachev.

The manifesto of Peter III on the liberties of the noble and legislative commission. Novosibirsk,; Kurukin I. Age of “Dvorov’s storms”: Essays on the political history of post -Peter Russia. Ryazan,; Mylnikov A. Temptation by a miracle: “Russian prince”, his prototypes and double-sungal doubles. Works and correspondence of participants and contemporaries. Notes of Shtelin about Peter the Third, the Emperor of the All -Russian.