Biography of Vasily Polenova

The artist was remembered by society as a subtly feeling naturalist, a zealous follower of Christianity. His painting “Christ and sinner” became part of the personal collection of Emperor Alexander III, and the Moscow courtyard canvas served as the founder of the genre “Intimate landscape”. Childhood and Youth Vasily Dmitrievich Polenov was born on May 20 on June 1 in the new style of the year in St.

Petersburg. The boy and his twin sister Vera became the first-born of the famous archaeologist Dmitry Vasilyevich and the artist, children's writer Maria Alekseevna Voeikova. Three more children were brought up in the family: Konstantin G. Brother Alexander died in infancy. The artist Vasily Polenov Maria Alekseevna, who was engaged in painting under the direction of Karl Bryullov, loved to draw portraits.

Thanks to this, contemporaries know what Vasily Polenov looked like in childhood. Children were brought up in a creative family. Grandmother Vera Nikolaevna Voeikova knew the Russian history perfectly, loved folk poetry and fairy tales. Grandchildren often came to her estate in the Tambov region. In their own house, they were waiting for competitions in the art of drawing, composing, etc.

For best work, grandmother gave home -made medals. Portrait of Vasily Polenov. The artist Ilya Repin also supported the creative impulses of children, hired eminent teachers from the Academy of Arts, for example, Pavel Chistyakov. Subsequently, Vasily Dmitrievich succeeded in the landscape genre, and his sister Elena became one of the first women illustrators of children's books.

Polenov felt a craving for a canvas early and was going to enter the Academy of Arts, but his parents insisted on obtaining a “serious” education. In years, the young man received general knowledge in the Olonets provincial male gymnasium in Petrozavodsk, then, together with his brother Alexei, he took possession of the exact sciences at the Physics and Mathematics faculty of the St.

Petersburg Imperial University. Vasily Polenov and the philanthropist Savva Mamontov at the time of Polenov attended the courses at the Academy of Arts, studied not only painting, but also anatomy, drawing geometry, biology. Here, the future artist also revealed a musical talent: he sang in the choir, composed compositions on the piano, was a regular in the opera.

Much later, in the year, the premiere of Polenov’s opera “Ghosts of Hellas” took place at the Moscow Conservatory. After graduating in the year, a student course with silver medals for his paintings, Polenov did not leave Alma Mater, but entered the law faculty. After 5 years, he successfully defended his thesis on the topic "On the meaning of art in its application to crafts." Polenov’s painting in the year captured his beloved grandmother Vera Nikolaevna on canvas, and this portrait became the debut work of the author.

Vasily Polenov’s painting “Portrait of Vera Nikolaevna Voeikova” An interesting fact: a number of sources indicate that in the year the artist received a small gold medal for the painting “Job and his friends”. In fact, the work belongs to the classmate Polenov, the famous painter Ilya Repin. Vasily Dmitrievich received the first creative award - a large gold medal - in the year for the canvas "Christ resurrects the daughter of Jairus." For the manifested talent of Polenov and Repin, he was sent for an internship in Europe.

Despite the conscious age - 27 years, Vasily Dmitrievich could not decide which genre to devote himself.

Having visited Vienna, Munich, the oldest cities in Italy and France, in the year the artist returned to Russia with a clear vision of the further creative path. Vasily Polenov’s painting “Grandmother's Garden” immediately upon arrival, Vasily Dmitrievich did not have time-the Russian-Turkish war began. However, the sovereigns, heard about the graduate of the Academy of Arts, invited Polenov to take the place of the official artist under Alexander III.

The master of the pen did not transfer the horror of the war not to monumental canvases, but on paper - his front -line sketches were printed in the journal "Bee". Polenov paid more attention to peaceful landscapes. During the years of confrontation between the Russian and Ottoman Empires, the Grandmother's Garden and the Moscow City Court were created, immediately after the war - the “overgrown pond” painting by Vasily Polenov “Moscow courtyard” The painting “Moscow courtyard” is considered one of the most famous in the work of Polenov.

She captured the life of the townspeople at the height of a summer day: a woman drags a rocker, children play in the grass, and a harness is grazed nearby. In the background - blocked by houses, but the powerful saved on the sands. Polenov’s colleagues by craft attributed the canvas to the original genre - the “intimate landscape”. In the beginning of the x, eastern landscapes and biblical motifs appeared in the work of Vasily Dmitrievich.

At that time, the artist made a trip to the cradle of Christianity: Constantinople, Palestine, Syria. The idea of ​​the picture “Christ and the sinner” is another name - “Who is without sin? The artist wanted to show Jesus, who not only appears, but exists among the laity. Work on the work was carried out for a long time, and if it weren’t for the twin sister Vasily Dmitrievich, it would hardly have ended-dying, Vera made a promise from his brother that he would finish the picture and make her large format.The first sketches of everyday history of Christ appeared in the X, and the final work - in the metro Picture of Vasily Polenov “Christ and the sinner” “Christ and the sinner” was perceived with doubt, the censors even refused to let the canvas to the exhibition.

Alexander III acquired a picture for his own collection, and the arrangement of the emperor to the artist immediately changed the opinion of society. At the proceeds, Polenov bought a plot in the Tula province, on the banks of the Oka River. Later, the Borok estate was erected here. The view, opening from the windows of the estate, forms the basis of the paintings “Golden Autumn”, “Falls.

Autumn on the Oka near Tarusa ”,“ A Chapel on the Coast of Oka ”The picture of Vasily Polenov“ Golden Autumn ”in the years the artist collected material for the first and only series of paintings“ From the Life of Christ ”. The exhibition, held in M, was loud success and forever placed the name Polenov in the list of the best painters of our time. The final picture of Vasily Dmitrievich “Oka.

There was only one woman in the personal life of Vasily Polenova - Natalya Vasilievna Yakunchikova, daughter of a Moscow merchant. She became the wife of the artist in the year. Vasily Polenov in a boat with her daughters Natalya and Olga and Dr. I. Trojanovsky were born in marriage 6 children. The first -born Fedor, having been born in M, did not live for two years.

Then Dmitry G. Death was born death overtook Vasily Dmitrievich Polenov in the year of his life, on July 18, in the Borok estate. He was buried in a rural cemetery on the banks of the Oka River. According to the last will of the deceased, an Olonets cross is established on the grave. The grave of Vasily Polenov after leaving life continued to live the legacy of Polenov.

Now in the Boron estate there is a state memorial historical, artistic and natural museum-reserve V. The leaders of the institution at all times were relatives of the artist.