Ushakova Tatyana Biography

Biography Biography The author of the books “Functional structures of the second signaling system. Psychophysiological mechanisms of speech ”,“ Human speech in communication ”Call. Intentanalization of political discourse »Call. Book editor “Psychological and psychophysiological research of speech. Collection of works ”,“ Cognitive Psychology ”in the USA. Ushakova graduated from the psychological department of the Faculty of Philosophy of Moscow State University.

After the successful defense of the candidate dissertation in the city by the end of his stay at the institute, from the GG. In gg.

With G., studying in graduate school, T. Ushakova began to conduct research in the field of experimental psychology of vision in the laboratory of E. Boyko, a leading specialist in the psychophysiology of higher mental processes. Work at the institute was a time of enthusiastic study of the psychophysiological mechanisms of higher mental processes. A lot of time was given to experimental work, the invention of new methods, at the same time T.

Ushakova began to study foreign languages, this experience encouraged understanding the essence and mechanisms of linguistic and speech processes. The analysis of the rich facts observed during the development of his son’s speech gave a powerful impetus to the development of searches in the same direction. The result of this work was the preparation and defense of the doctoral dissertation “Functional structures of the second signaling system”, which was successfully protected at the Institute of Psychology of the APN in the city of this work, most of which was later published in the form of a book, contains a rich collection of facts describing the phenomenon of developing children's speech - children's word -making.

In addition, the book gives a detailed panorama of the mechanisms of speech development of the period under consideration in the context of broad theoretical problems. The origin of children's neologisms, calculated almost with mathematical accuracy, reveals the manifestation of the mechanism of self -development of the language system in the psyche of the child. The focus of the works of T.

Ushakova to the study of the psychophysiological mechanisms of the highest mental processes aroused interest from the related profile specialists - physiologists. In the city of Asratyan, to manage the laboratory of human higher nervous activity, hoping that this will make it possible to develop an experimental base of work, and will expand until then rather narrow opportunities for research.

Ushakova returned to the psychological environment, going to work at the recently created Institute for Psychology of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Here she headed the laboratory of the psychology of speech and psycholinguistics, the composition of which is almost completely formed by its students, candidates of psychological sciences, and now young doctors. To date, the team has developed many important sections of the problems of speech and language psychology, the cognitive model of the functioning of the speech-language mechanism is proposed, the method of psychological analysis of the text “Intent-analysis” is developed, and the modern theory of ontogenesis of speech and language has been developed.

Ushakova has developed a general psychological theory of the genesis and functioning of speech, according to which the ability of a person to speak and perceive speech has two roots - natural and social. A genetically given tendency to express outside, “exteriorization” of the impressions and state of the psyche, constitutes a natural basis of speech and is expressed in a baby in spontaneous vocal manifestations, in children - in speech game, word -making, egocentric speech, in adults - in the need to speak out with emotional excitement, discuss the excructions of a given person, etc.

On the other hand, the cognitive development of the child is carried out under the influence of external influences, including the people around him. Adults, prompting the child’s words and encouraging them to repeat them, actually give him convenient for simulating sound engine, contributing to clarifying the vague states of his consciousness. The verbal material proposed by the child affects the structuring of his psyche.

The introduction of a word into the functioning of the psyche of the baby becomes the basis of the formation of a special functional organ in its nervous system - the mechanism of internal speech, which ensures the fixing of the material necessary for a person to speak language. The mechanism of the internal speech of an adult has a hierarchical organization that ensures fixation: 1 words and their elements of the vocabulary of the language, 2 “verbal networks”, “semantic fields” of verbal associations, 3 rules of combination of grammar words, 4 rules for constructing a coherent contexted speech of texts in a broad sense, including oral speech in a situation of communication.

The deep psychological content of speech in each of the selected aspects formed the basis of the creation of the method of “intent analysis” of speech. In the application, this method is used to analyze conflict political discussions. Empirically established and theoretically substantiated essential, by origin, the connection of speech with the psychological states and characteristics of a person, leads to the conclusion about the possibility on the basis of speech products to explore the psychological characteristics of the speaker, which is a basic moment for the development of speech diagnostic problems.Main scientific interests:.