Tolstoy biography grade 8

A brief biography of L. Tolstoy for grade 8 Lev Nikolaevich Tolstoy, the titan of Russian literature, was born on September 9 in the estate of Yasnaya Polyana of the Tula province. The mother of the future writer, Maria Nikolaevna, died when the boy was 2 years old. And after the death of his father, Nikolai Ilyich, in the year, the Aunt, Alexander Ilyinichna Osten-Saken took care of the five orphaned children.

Tolstoy’s childhood passed in Yasnaya Polyana. Thanks to the love and care of Aunt, Games in nature with brothers and sisters, the boy did not feel lonely. The memories of this happy time formed the basis of the stories "Childhood" and "adolescence." Especially close in spirit was his brother Nikolai for Leo. Together they came up with the secret of the Green Back, which consisted in the recipe for happiness for all of humanity.

The boys wrote down their secret on a stick, and then buried it in a manor garden. Having become adults, Tolstoy bequeathed to bury himself in this place. Lev Nikolaevich called this woman his "Kazan mother." In the year, Lev entered the Imperial Kazan University, one of the most prestigious educational institutions of his time. The impressions of the time of study will be the plot of the story “Youth”, which Tolstoy will write in the year.

From the early years of the future writer, free -thinking was distinguished. Tolstoy criticized the teaching style at the university, its orders. Having decided to engage in further education on his own, Lev Nikolaevich returned to Yasnaya Polyana and took up the construction of cases in his hereditary estate. In the year, together with his brother Nikolai Tolstoy, he went to the Caucasus, where hostilities were going on.

The nature and customs of local residents inspired the writer the plot of the story “Cossacks”. Here, in the Caucasus, the story “Childhood” was written, which delighted the editor -in -chief of the magazine “Contemporary” by the poet N. In the year, Tolstoy wrote several more works that can be attributed to the genre of battal military prose: the Sevastopol Stories cycle.

The defense of Sevastopol is the most important event of the Crimean War, the witness and participant of which was Tolstoy. In the stories “Sevastopol in the month of December”, “Sevastopol in May”, “Sevastopol in August” the writer showed a war from different sides. His characters are not only brave heroes, but also ordinary people with natural human weaknesses. After the publication of “Sevastopol stories” and the recognition in the metropolitan writer's circle, Tolstoy understands that his main calling is literature.

In years, he leaves military service and is engaged exclusively in literature. He actively communicates with the best people of his time, studies foreign languages, travels, acquiring the necessary knowledge to build a comprehensive picture of the world. The first trip abroad to Poland, France, Switzerland, Italy, Germany introduced Tolstoy to European culture and civilization.

Among other attractions, in France, he visited the grave of Napoleon, who did not make a strong impression on the writer. He could not forgive Bonaparte with a conquering trip to Russia, a fire and ruin of Moscow. The victory in the Patriotic War of the year, according to Lev Nikolayevich, was bought too high. Subsequently, the writer expressed these thoughts in the epic novel “War and Peace”.

In the year, Tolstoy decided to create a family. His wife was the summer Sofya Andreevna Bers, a woman who became the main assistant to the writer in his literary works, the secretary and scribe of Tolstoy's works. Sofia Andreevna and Lev Nikolayevich had 13 children. In the second half of his life, Leo Tolstoy became an unusually prolific writer. Stories, novels, essays, articles, plays for the theater came out from under his pen.

His most famous works: novels “War and Peace”, “Anna Karenina”, “Sunday”. Tolstoy had his own philosophy of life. The writer called people to simplicity, kindness, mutual understanding. To talk with him, people from all over Russia flowed into the Yasnaya Polyana. Tolstoy opened a school for the peasants on the estate and worked in it by a teacher, wrote “alphabet” for peasant children.

Lev Nikolaevich was engaged in simple work on Earth with peasants. In the year, the International Nobel Committee decided to nominate Lev Tolstoy’s candidacy for awarding the Nobel Prize in the field of literature. The writer through his acquaintances asked to transfer the prize to the founders that he would not want a reward. He saw the goal of creativity not this.

As in childhood, the writer dreamed of happiness for all people. The life of Leo Nikolaevich ended at Astapovo station on November 20.

Tolstoy was buried in Yasnaya Polyana-where he once hid the legendary "green wand". Currently, Yasnaya Polyana has become a museum-reserve of L. Tolstoy, everyone can visit this place.