Biography of the Enlightenment

He was a lawyer and member of the parliament of Bordeaux the judicial body of France and began to write only at the age of 40. In the 18th century, the novel genre itself in letters was popular. This book lay on the tables of almost all European sovereigns, including Catherine II. The structure of the state should adapt to the conditions of the climate and soil, religion, the nature and degree of development of the people.

But according to Montesquieu, to use the republic in practice, the universal development of citizens is necessary and their willingness to participate in the management of the country. So the executive branch is in the hands of the monarch, and the legislative power and the right to establish taxes are among the selected folk representatives. Thus, Montesquieu partly substantiated the modern structure of the state.

Charles Montesquieu Jean-Jacques Rousseau is the most famous of the French enlighteners. He lost his parents early, lived a heavy and poor youth and was ashamed of his poverty, so he avoided people and spent a lot of time in nature, the love of which is visible in all his works. He came to Paris in an attempt to earn money and got a job rewriting the notes - a man who makes many copies with one musical work.

During the work, Rousseau learned that the Dijon Academy proposed a competition for writing an essay on “how much the development of sciences and arts helps to improve morals”. The winner received a prize. For the liveliness and sincerity of the composition, his work won the competition and received a prize, giving Rousseau literary glory. In his work “On the origin of inequality between people”, Russo puts up the primitive state of a person as the most natural, when everyone is equal and there is no oppression.

And in the transition to the state form of life, the property takes place and the division of people into estates, and as the result of this - war and slavery. There, Russo outlined his ideals of education and education. In his opinion, a person is good by nature. And the bad is from society and poor education. That is, the main task of Rousseau's education was not the accumulation of facts, but the education of feelings.

He proves that before all the power belonged to society, which then transferred it to the rulers, obliging them to use the authorities to protect the interests of society itself. But the rulers began to abuse power to the detriment of their peoples. Only in this way, in his opinion, can civil equality be achieved, which was not observed in modern for him.

Jean-Jacques Rousseau will complete the conversation about French educational activities with a conversation about encyclopedists. This circle published an encyclopedia called "Encyclopedia of Sciences, Arts and Crafts." Denis Didro 2. The title sheet of “Encyclopedia of Sciences, Arts and Crafts” Course of LEVEL ONE INTARISHING in myths course of 6 lectures on eternal mythological plots.

We will analyze the myths of the ancient world, myths about time, space and history.

Let's try to understand how myths affect our psychology with the help of Jung, Freud and Campbell. And we finish modernity - we will understand that familiar stories from childhood surround us now.