Kramskoy biography Presentation

The artel of the free artists 3. The founder of the Motravik partnership Ivan Kramskoy participated in the famous student riot of the Academy of Arts: he refused to write competitive work on a given topic. Having expelled from the Academy, he first founded the artel of free artists, and later became one of the founders of the Motracial partnership. In the x years, Ivan Kramskoy became a famous art critic.

Member of the “fourteen rebellion” Ivan Kramskoy was born in Ostrogozhsk in the clerk family. Parents hoped that his son would become a clerk, like his father, but the boy loved to draw from early childhood. Neighbor, self-taught artist Mikhail Tulinov taught young Kramsky to draw a watercolor. Ivan Kramskoy did not dare to act in the capital's Academy of Arts: there was no primary art education.

But Mikhail Tulinov, who by this time also moved to St. Petersburg, invited him to study one of the academic disciplines - drawing from gypsum. The sketch of the head of Laokon became his introductory work. In the year, Ivan Kramsky already had two medals - a small silver and small gold. A creative competition remained ahead - those who passed it successfully received a large gold medal and a foreign pensioner trip for six years.

For competitive work, the council offered students a plot from Scandinavian mythology - “Feast in Valhalla”. However, at this time, interest in genre work grew in society: paintings depicting everyday life became popular. Students of the Academy were divided into innovators-jeanrists and historians who are faithful to old traditions. At first they filed several petitions to the council: they wanted to choose topics on their own, demanded that the examination work publicly and give reasoned assessments.

Ivan Kramskoy was a “deputy” from a group of fourteen. He read out the requirements to the Council and the rector of the Academy and, having received a refusal, left the exam. Comrades followed his example. Ivan Kramskoy Artel of Free Artists after release, young artists had to leave the workshops of the academy, where they not only worked but also lived - often with relatives or friends.

There was nothing to rent new apartments and workshops. Together they rented a small building, where everyone had their own workshop and a common spacious room for meetings. The economy was led by the wife of the painter - Sofya Kramskaya. Soon, the artists appeared orders: they painted illustrations for books, wrote portraits, made copies of paintings.

Later, a photo studio appeared in the artel. The unification of free artists flourished. Ivan Kramskoy was engaged in artel affairs: looking for customers, distributed money. In parallel, he wrote portraits, gave drawing lessons in the society of encouraging artists. He wrote about Kramskoy: “That's the teacher! His sentences and praise were very weeds and made an irresistible effect on students.

” In the year, the painter began to paint the domes of the Cathedral of Christ the Savior in Moscow on cardboard, which he created during his studies at the Academy. At the end of the year, Ivan Kramskoy first left Russia to get acquainted with Western art. He visited several European capitals, visited museums and art galleries there. The impressions of the Western painters in Kramsky remained contradictory.

Ivan Kramskoy, from a letter to his wife, when Ivan Kramskoy returned to Russia, he had a conflict with one of his comrades: he accepted a pensioner trip from the Academy, which was against the rules of “fourteen”. Kramskoy left the artel, and soon the unification of free artists broke up. From the charter of the partnership of mobile art exhibitions at the very first exhibition of the Wanderers in the year, Ivan Kramskoy presented his new work - “May Night”.

The canvas with a mystical plot did not correspond to the program of the Wanderers, but the artists and critics were successful, and immediately after the exhibition it was bought by Pavel Tretyakov. For this canvas, the Academy of Arts wanted to award the title of professor to Kramsky, but he refused. The picture was bought by Pavel Tretyakov for a lot of money - rubles. Ivan Kramskoy not only wrote canvases, but also published critical articles.

He called to get rid of the influence of the Academy of Arts on art, advocated the creation of drawing schools and workshops, where young artists could study with experienced painters and at the same time maintain their own style. Kramskoy insisted that the artists receive a good education: “To criticize the mass, you need to stand above the masses and know and understand society in all its interests and manifestations.” In the years, one of the sensational works of the artist became the "unknown".

The heroine of the canvas - a beautiful lady, dressed in the last fashion - was discussed by both critics and the audience. The audience intrigued her personality, a slightly arrogant look and an impeccable outfit in fashion of those years.

However, the connoisseurs of art paid tribute to the skill of Kramsky, who subtly wrote out the face of an unknown lady and her refined clothes. After the 11 exhibition of the Wanderers, where the picture was exhibited, it was bought by a large industrialist Pavel Kharitonenko.In the year, Kramskoy finished the cloth “Inattentive Gora”, which depicts a mourning mother at the children's coffin.

The artist worked on him for about four years: he made pencil sketches and sketches, changed the composition several times. Pavel Tretyakov presented the picture with the tragic plot of Kramskaya. Ivan Kramskoy was gone in the year. The artist died in his workshop when he wrote from the nature of Dr. Karl Rauhfus. The doctor tried to reanimate him, but to no avail. The painter was buried at the Smolensk Orthodox cemetery in St.

Petersburg. In publications.