Childhood Surikov Biography

Yaroslavl - Gg. The surname Surikov came from the name of the Mineral "Surik", which was used as a dye of yellow. This is a sufficiently common surname in Russia, it was worn by merchants. Ivan Surikov was born according to the old data on April 6, but archival documents made it possible to clarify the date of birth of the poet. Studies conducted by Archiveist historian Tatyana Tretyakova made it possible to argue that some of the facts were not true.

Surikov was born on March 24, on April 5, according to the new style, that 5 years earlier than the generally accepted date, he was born in the village of Novoselovo, which was in the Yukhotsky volost of the Uglich district of the Yaroslavl province, now the Bolsheselsky district. The village entered the estate of Prince Dmitry Nikolayevich Sheremetev. Then the future poet was baptized in the church of the Vasilievsky Pogost later, in Yukhoti, whose parish included the village of Novoselovo.

There were 9 houses in the village. The most strong house of the Surikovs was considered. This village has not been preserved. But there are memories of one of the residents of the village, which tells about the mountain ash, which grew up between them and the neighboring house. Who knows, maybe this is the same mountain ash, which so wanted to "move to the oak", which the people still sing about.

The poet’s parents, the serfs of Count Sheremetev, Zakhar Andriyanovich Andreyanovich - the second version of writing and Fekla Grigoryevna, were married in the same church on April 23, Art. Fekla Grigoryevna was from the neighboring village of Inarchov Nikolsky volost of the parish of the Church of the village of Nikolsky, in Moloksha. She grew up in a large family of serfs Grigory Petrov.

Four years were waiting for the parents of the appearance of the child. He was the only one in the family that was rare then. There were many children in families. Two months earlier, a grandfather died in a family at the age of 68. Ivan Zakharovich knew his grandfather Andreyan Egorovich only from the stories. The head of the family was grandmother Daria Vasilievna. The family was big.

Here lived the brother of the poet’s father with his wife, the brother of the deceased grandfather with his wife and two family sons, an unmarried daughter and a demolition wife of his son. His parents are the firm peasants with Count Sheremetyev, that is, they paid the landowner a certain value of the scorch from each soul, but were not attached to work in his possessions.

Therefore, father, Zakhar Andriyanovich Surikov, went to Moscow to earn money. He rarely returned home. Ivan grew painful, but his grandmother and mother surrounded him with concern. And the pictures of rural nature remained forever in his soul, this topic has become one of the main in his future work. Perhaps the images of their grandmother and aunts formed the basis of the female images of Surikov, thoughts about a heavy female share.

So the Yaroslavl period of the poet’s life passed. But the spiritual connection with the Motherland continued all his life. The homeland evoked nostalgia, the images of people and nature, influenced the poetic style of the poet. In the year, the family moved to Moscow. But Ivan did not like the vain life there. He closed in himself. He helped in a vegetable shop that his father opened in Moscow.

And at the age of 10 he was given to study to two pious sisters Finogenov. They taught him from church books and verses of Russian poets-songwriters. Therefore, folk oral creativity has intertwined with church motifs. Ivan studied in the old fashioned way, it turned out that he did not read poetry, but sings. Such a habit was preserved for him for a long time and came in handy at the beginning of his creative path, when he checked his written poems with the help of singing.

At first, his father went on trade affairs, but he began to lose money and went bankrupt. Ivan went to work in the shop of his uncle. He created unbearable working conditions, loading exorbitantly and reproaching a piece of bread. Having accumulated a little money, Ivan with his mother moved out of his uncle, opening his bench by buying iron, stone and wood coal, rags, scrap, copper.

They turned out to be brisk. In the year, he married an orphan girl who was an excellent assistant in trade. There was time to write poetry. In Surikov he meets the poet A. Pleshcheyev, who truly appreciated the first poetic experiments of the young poet. With the help of Pleshcheev, Surikov begins to appear in print. His first poems were printed in the journal "Entertainment". Soon his mother died.

Father married a woman with a terrible character, who also ruined the family, breaking Zakhara Father Ivan to the thread. The financial situation was terrible, I had to start all over the beginning. But Ivan Surikov was already known in literary magazines, began to print his poems. The poet-self-taught poet went through a difficult creative path, so later he always supported nuggets-poets from the people.

Even called on them to combine poetry in a general collection. And in the year they released the almanac "Dawn". One by one, his works of epics, legends and poems were printed: “The heroic wife”, “The execution of Stenka Razin”, “Sadko”, “Udalia” and others. In his works, he portrayed life events that had to endure the deprivation, sorrows, suffering, but they were very subtly intertwined with the fate of tens of thousands of people.Surikov’s pictures of nature succumbed to Surikov very sensitively, he described the beauty of Russia in his verses, such as “in the grave of the mother”, “in a foreign land”, “remember, there were years”, “in the air is silent”, “night”, “spring” in the year, two collections of Surikov’s poems were published, the talent of Ivan Zakharovich was recognized.

He was elected to the Moscow "Society of Lovers of Russian Literature." A year later, he fell ill with a consumption. Treatment for several years has not brought a result. And after a century and a half, his poem “Village” knows every schoolboy: “Here is my village, here my home is often the songs“ What are you standing, swinging, thin mountain ash ”,“ Dubinushka ”,“ The steppe and the steppe around ”.

She sounds in the film “Cruel Romance” by Eldar Ryazanov. It can be called modern and at the same time, it is declared as a folk song. This is a great honor, but also some injustice, although the author of the words I. Surikov is known. She is also considered folk. The poet’s poetry has been included in the school curriculum for many years. Until now, they remain understandable, close even to a little reader, although Ivan Zakharovich Surikov did not specifically write for children.

In that distant time, there were no children's books. The melody of words and their simplicity, the nationality makes poems understandable and relatives. Children are close to the topic of childhood, games, families. On the other hand, in the poems of the poet “Childhood”, “Winter” you can see a story about his own children's years, good memories of his native village, about his loved ones, which surrounded him with love and care.

The same poems are the memory of the Motherland, which the poet lovely loved. Despite the fact that for most of his short life he lived in Moscow, the village of Novoselovo Uglich district of the Yaroslavl province remained for him forever. It is the memory of the time living here that supports the poet in difficult moments of life. They are invested in a sincere and strong feeling of love.

That is why they still warm her a reader. The homeland is represented in the poet who are close to the heart of native nature. Distributed village landscapes appear before the reader. Surikov in detail shows how the village awakens in the poem "Morning". It is no coincidence that the author compared the dew and lake with the precious stones of emeralds and turquoise. Each blade of grass, wood, a coloss of the road to the author of a poem of no less expensive stones.

The poem gradually introduces the reader on a rustic morning, you can see, feel all the organs of feelings as the village wakes up, is filled with sounds.

For Ivan Zakharovich Surikov, the seasons are the lyrical images of nature, which are often in human form. Spring in the poem of the same name acts as a queen dressed in a colored cloak. Winter at the same time, the author at the same time and the cozy peasant closed the cracks of the house with straw, his family is now not afraid of the cold, and the evil frost is angry, angry.

Autumn is a bakery hostess with "abundant breads and tall sheaves." This is a haymaking in the poem "In the summer". For Surikov, any time of the year is the activities of village residents. In a number of poems, the author introduces the reader to the villagers.