Bulgakov family biography

St. Petersburg 2nd Krasnoarmeyskaya St. Many of them were filmed in the homeland of the writer and abroad. The writer Mikhail Bulgakov with the precious covenant of his work of critics considers the desire to give readers the opportunity to feel like the creators of their fates. For this, he granted the right to choose an act to the main character, and left the final of the works open, or ended them with the death of the hero.

The future “mystical writer” was born on May 15 in Kyiv, in the wealthy intelligent family of Afanasy Ivanovich, first the associate professor, and then a professor of the city theological Academy, and Barbara Mikhailovna, the daughter of Archpriest, who taught at the gymnasium. The family of Mikhail Bulgakov The future writer for mom Misha was the eldest of their seven children, grew up as a smart and very capable child.

After the departure of the head of the family in his brother Peter, the minister of the church in Tokyo, brought to them to receive Russian education of two sons. Soon, the daughter of the cousins ​​of the father of Ilaria, who came to Kyiv for study, began to live with them. As a result, the summer mother had to cope with ten children. She instilled in them the desire for knowledge, cohesion, hard work.

Mikhail Bulgakov’s home performance atmosphere in their family was creative - they often arranged home bands, staged performances under the leadership of Mikhail. The eldest son sang perfectly, wrote stories and poems, played on the piano. In the year, he graduated from the elite first Kyiv gymnasium and became a student of the university, choosing a future profession medicine.

Practice when the First World War began, the young man worked in the hospital, then he went to the front line as a volunteer, participated in the Brusilovsky breakthrough, gained medical experience in Kamenets-Podolsky and Chernivtsi. He received a higher education diploma with honors and worked as a zemstvo doctor in the village of Smolensk province, conducting surgical operations alone in the conditions of a lack of drugs and instruments.

He subsequently described the working situations that then took place with him, a recent student, forced to cope with serious illnesses on his own, in the series of stories “Notes of a young doctor”. For some time he also had a chance to work in the Vyazemsky city hospital. Mikhail Bulgakov, in his youth, once after contact with a child’s patient and taking anti -a -stiperia drug that caused a painful reaction, he injured morphine.

And as a result, the summer Aesculapius could no longer abandon this "miracle-wwrel." Fortunately, the wife soon noticed his pernicious addiction and helped to abandon the drug, gradually reducing the doses he took. He returned to Kyiv, opened private practice and treated sexually transmitted ailments. The city constantly changed in the city - the Bolsheviks, the Petliurians, the troops of Denikin, the hetman of Skoropadsky came alternately.

The doctors were necessary for everyone, and in Bulgakov was mobilized into the Ukrainian army, then served in the formations of Red, and since the fall was in the North Caucasus in the ranks of the Volunteer. After the war, Mikhail Bulgakov threw medical practitioners, the military hardships exhausted him, and he filed a report on his reserve for health reasons.

In the beginning in Vladikavkaz, he made his debut as a journalist of the new newspaper Caucasus. The White Army and its supporters then left their homeland. He would also leave, but fell ill with a typhus and later repeatedly reproached his wife that he did not dare to take him abroad. After the establishment of the power of the Bolsheviks, he was appointed head of the literary department of the Revolutionary Committee.

For the local theater, he wrote the comedy “Typolonal Dad”, humor “Self -Defense”, the play about the “native life” “The Sons of the Mullah”, which was successful. Literary activities to Mikhail moved to the capital, where he collaborated with a number of magazines and newspapers. In the same year, his satirical story “Chichikov’s Adventures” was published in the Berlin Pro -Soviet printing authority “On the eve”.

He became a member of the Writers' Union, a year later he created the social drama of Deviliad. In the period gg. Then, with the triumphal setting of the drama "Days of the Turbins", which really liked Stalin, he attended the performance 14 times, the writer began to cooperate with the Moscow Art Theater and work on his main difficulty - "Master and Margarita" - devoting it to the creation of 12 years, that is, the rest of his life.

The work of the writer in official reviews was sharply criticized because of the representation in it in the negative light of the Russian revolution.

This led to the prohibitions of his performances and publications of plays. He was also refused in the press of prosaic works, including the frankly anti -Soviet “dog heart”. In desperation, he wrote a letter to Stalin, where he expressed conviction of the need for freedom of the media and urgently asked for permission to go abroad or earn money. After that, with the assistance of the head of state, he was taken to the Moscow Art Theater as an assistant director.On the stage of this drama theater, he set Gogol and Dickens, playing the role of a judge in the Pickwick Club, at the same time worked on the novel “Master and Margarita”, utopia “Adam and Eve”, the drama “Last days”, the play “Alexander Pushkin”, the comedy “Ivan Vasilievich”, which later became the basis for the popular film Leonid Gaidai "Ivan Vasilievich is changing the profession." The premiere was triumphant, but after the crushing reviews in the press, the production was removed from the repertoire, and its creator went to work in the Bolshoi Theater, where, as a literary consultant, he began to write opera libretto.

The personal life of Mikhail Bulgakov Mikhail was a true connoisseur of female beauty. The first time he married, being a second -year student, on the recent gymnasium student Tatyana Lapp. The mother was against an overly early marriage for that time and reproached her son for frivolity. And indeed this marriage was not strong enough. They parted because of the new hobby of the playwright.

Mikhail Bulgakov and Tatyana Lappe, Lyubov Belozerskoy Belgakov, met the second darederate at one of the evenings held in the editorial office of the publication on the eve. She was the ex -wife of journalist Ilya Vasilevsky, who emigrated with him to Constantinople, fashionable and sophisticated, in the past of a ballerina, who performed in Parisian theaters.

Mikhail Bulgakova and Lyubov Belozerskaya, they got married, but difficulties began in family life. The writer met the Maslenitsa of common friends with Elena Shilovskaya in the girlishness of Nuremberg, according to the first husband Neelova, the wife of the military leader and the mother of two sons. At first, she became a friend of the second wife of the writer and his mistress, and in Mikhail divorced with love and immediately marriage with Elena.

She became his last love, muse, friend, literary secretary and did everything for the publication of his works. Mikhail Bulgakova and his third wife Elena is interesting that all three wives of the playwright also had three marriages. Moreover, with the first companion of life, he became the first spouse, the second - the second, in the third - the third. It is believed that this circumstance makes you think about the presence of mysticism not only in the creations of the playwright, but also in life.

Bulgakov had no children, but he adopted the son of Shilovskaya from his previous marriage. Its descendants are currently the legitimate heirs of the writer. Death in the year the playwright completed work on the libretto of the Opera of Glier Rachel. Isaac Dunaevsky wrote music for him, they became friends. In addition, he worked intensively on the play about the youth of Stalin. The leader approved her, but, contrary to expectations, the production and seal of the works were banned.

Mikhail Bulgakov before his death, this circumstance seriously crushed the author’s health. He was overtaken by a hereditary kidney disease. To relieve concomitant pain, he again began to take morphine, which served as rumors about his illness due to addiction to drugs. Some ill -wishers even claimed that his ailment was a consequence of the relationship with evil spirits - it seemed strange to many that Bulgakov died immediately after the work on the “master and Margarita”.

The grave of Mikhail Bulgakov in the March of the same year was no great writer. His body was cremated and the ashes were buried in the Novodevichy cemetery. Mikhail Bulgakov: The latest news and articles.