Sholokhov Biography Grade 7

Brief content. Features of the novel. Born on the farm Kruzhilin, on the Don, near the village of Veshenskaya. Sholokhov’s mother was from a peasant family, his father was a native of the Ryazan province, grown wheat on a purchased Cossack land; He served as a clerk managing the steam mill. The impressions of childhood and youth had a great influence on the formation of Mikhail Sholokhov as a writer.

The boundless expanses of the Don steppes, the green shores of the majestic Don forever entered his heart. From childhood, he absorbed his native dialect, sincere Cossack songs. From the childhood of the writer, a kind of atmosphere has surrounded: the life of the Cossacks, their daily work on Earth, hard military service, mowing in Zamyche, plowing, sowing, cleaning of wheat. Sholokhov studied at a parish school and gymnasium.

Soon after this, Mikhail Sholokhov became seriously ill with inflammation of his eyes, and his father took him to the eye hospital to Moscow, to the very Snegirev hospital, which the main character of the Pacific Don - Grigory Melekhov. Without graduating from the Karginsky school, Sholokhov entered the preparatory class of the Moscow gymnasium Shelaputin, and three years later he continued the teaching at the Bogucharovsky gymnasium.

During the years of study, Sholokhov with enthusiasm read books of Russian and foreign class writers. A special impression on him was made by the stories and novels of Lev Nikolayevich Tolstoy. Among the sciences taught at the gymnasium, Sholokhov was most interested in literature and history. Giving preference to literature, he began to try his strength in poetry and prose at a youthful age, composed stories, humorous scenes.

Before the revolution, the Sholokhov family settled on the Pleshakovs of the Elanskaya village, where the writer’s father worked as a managing steam mill. In the summer, Michael came to his parents on vacation, and his father often took him with him on trips to the Don. In one of these trips, Sholokhov met with David Mikhailovich Babichev, who entered the “Quiet Don” under the name of Davydka-Valtsik, who worked in the Pleshakovskaya mill from twelve years old.

At the same time, the captive Czech Ota Gins worked at the Pleshakovskaya mill, which is depicted in the novel “Quiet Don” under the name Shtokman. Here, in Pleshki, Sholokhov-gymnasium met with the Drozdov family. The fate of the brothers Alexei and Paul formed tragically, which was connected with the civil war that unfolded on the Don. The elder brother of the Drozdovs Pavel died in the first battles during the entry of units of the Red Army in the farm of the Elan village.

When in June, an acute class war turned on the Don at that time. In the summer of G., these tragic events unfolded in front of Mikhail Sholokhov. During the period of the uprising, he lived in the Rubezhny and observed the panic retreat of the rebels, was an eyewitness to their crossing through the Don; He was in the front line when in September the Red Army troops entered the Left Bank of Don again.

By the end of the year, Beloksaka, defeated under Voronezh, fled from the top of the Don. Mikhail Sholokhov took an active part in the formation of Soviet power in his homeland. Since February, at the end of September, one night, the gangs occupied the village of Karginskaya and plundered her. The Communists and Komsomol members had to hide for several days in the thickets of reeds along Chir.

During the battle, under the Konkov farm, the bandits captured Sholokhov. Nestor Makhno interrogated him. In the case of a new meeting, he threatened the young man with a gallows. The local gangs of Fedor Melikhov, Kondratyev, Makarov acted on the Don, and the gangster detachments of Maslakov, Kurochkin, Kolesnikov erupted from the neighboring Voronezh province. The gang of Jacob Fomina, who more than once occupied and robbed the village of Karginskaya, was especially brutal.

At this time, Sholokhov took an active part in the fight against gangs, remaining on the Don until they were completely defeated. In October, G. Sholokhov came to Moscow, where he was going to continue his studies. But it was not possible to enter the rabfak, as he wanted. When engaged in self -education, Sholokhov worked as a loader, a laborer, clerk, an accountant. And there was already a harsh school of the Civil War, the struggle for Soviet power on the Don.

It was at this time, according to the writer himself, that “a real craving for literary work” arose. The themes of these stories are a civil war on the Don, a fierce class struggle, transformation in the village. The first collection - “Don Stories” - did not bring Sholokhov of particular popularity, but showed that a writer who could notice important trends of his time in the ordinary life of his time entered Russian literature.

Sholokhov returned to Don to the village of Veshenskaya, where he lived constantly from that time. Here he began to write the novel "Quiet Don" -, depicting the Don Cossacks during the First World and Civil Wars. The next significant work of Sholokhov was the novel “Raised virgin” - telling about the revolutionary fracture in the life of the village.

During the Great Patriotic War, Sholokhov was a military correspondent. Already in the first months of the war in the periodical press, his essays “on the Don”, “in the South”, “Cossacks”, etc. were published.The story “Science of Hate” in –44 was very popular among the soldiers. Sholokhov’s story “The Fate of Man” –57, in which the tragic story of life is shown in its inextricable connection with trials in the life of the people and the state, was a noticeable phenomenon in the literature.

The fate of Andrei Sokolov embodies the terrible evil of the war and at the same time affirms faith in good. In a small in volume of the work before readers, the hero’s life passes, which has absorbed the fate of the country. Andrei Sokolov is a peaceful worker who hated a war who took his whole family, happiness, hope for the best. Remaining lonely, Sokolov did not lose humanity, he was able to discern and warm the homeless boy near him.

The writer ends the story with confidence that a new person will rise near Andrei Sokolov’s shoulder, ready to overcome any trials of fate. After the war, Sholokhov published a number of journalistic works: “The Word of the Motherland”, “The struggle continues”, “Light and darkness”, “Do not leave the executioners from the court of peoples! The connection of literature with life, in the understanding of Sholokhov, is, first of all, a connection with the people.

Many times in his statements, the idea is repeated that the writer must be able to tell the truth, no matter how difficult it may be; The fact that the assessment of a work of art should be approached primarily from the point of view of historical truthfulness. According to the writer, only the art that serves the interests of the people has the right to life.

In the last years of his life, Sholokhov was seriously ill, but kept steadily. Even the doctors were surprised at his patience. He suffered two strokes, diabetes, then throat cancer. And, in spite of everything, he continued to write.

Sholokhov’s work made a huge contribution to literature. In his works, the poetic heritage of the Russian people was combined with the achievements of the realistic novel of the XIX and XX centuries. In his novels for the first time in the history of world literature, the labor people appear in all the variety and wealth of types and characters, in such a fullness of moral and emotional life, which puts them into a number of examples of world literature.