Chukovo biography nationality

Telegram Channel ISHUA. He blossomed at the slightest mention of his beloved author and, on the contrary, felt the deepest despondency in the society of people who read exclusively newspapers and spoke exclusively about mods or waters ... He more easily tolerated loneliness than the neighborhood with non -laws and mediocrity. Tomorrow, March 31, we celebrate the flight from the birth of Korney Ivanovich Chukovsky.

He lived a long, but far from cloudless life, although he was a famous children's writer and a large literary critic; His merits before the Russian culture, in the end, were appreciated in his homeland by the Doctor of Philology, the Lenin Prize winner, and the honorary doctor of Oxford University abroad. The mother of Chukovsky, Ekaterina Osipovna Korneychukova, a Ukrainian peasant woman from the Poltava province, worked as a servant in the house of the father of the Chukovsky, Petersburg student Emmanuel Solomonovich Levenson, the son of the owner of printing houses located in several cities.

The marriage of Chukovsky’s parents was not formally registered, since the Jew Levenson would have to be pre -baptized, but he was not going to do this. What would happen to him if not for literary abilities? The chances of illegitimate to break into people before the revolution were very small. To top it all of the troubles, Nikolai and his appearance had awkward: too tall and thin, with excessively large arms, legs and nose ...

Modern doctors suggest that Chukovsky had Marthaan's syndrome - a special hormonal failure, leading to the gigantism of the body and giftedness of the mind. The writer himself rarely spoke on the topic of his Jewish origin. There is only one reliable source - his “diary”, to whom he trusted the most secret: ““ I, as an illegitimate, without even nationality, who am I? It seemed to me that I was the only thing-illegal, that everyone was whipping behind me and that when I show someone a janitor, the Switzer’s documents, everyone inwardly begins to spit on me when the children talked about their fathers, grandfathers, grandmothers, I only rumbled, rumbled, lied, confused this did not happen: the opposite happened-it pulled to the Jews.

After reading, for example, the biography of Yuri Tynyanov, Korney Ivanovich wrote in his diary: “The book does not say anywhere that Yuri Nikolaevich was a Jew. Kolya Korneychukov studied at the same gymnasium with Vladimir Zeev Zabotinsky - a future brilliant journalist and one of the most striking representatives of the Zionist movement. The relationship between them was friendly: they were even expelled from the gymnasium together - for writing a sharp pamphlet on the director.

Information about the relationship of these people, when both left Odessa, for obvious reasons, was preserved. In the "Diary" of the Chukovsky, the name of Zhabotinsky appears only in the year: "Vlad. Zhabotinsky subsequently the Zionist said about me in the year: the Chukovsky roots are 2 times longer than the telephone pillar. Chukovsky admits how much the personality of Zhabotinsky had a huge influence on the formation of his worldview.

Undoubtedly, Vladimir Evgenievich managed to distract Korney Ivanovich from “self -eating” regarding illegality and convince him of his own talent. The journalistic debut of the nineteen -year -old Chukovsky took place in the newspaper "Odessa News", where he was brought by Zhabotinsky, who developed in it a love of language and examined the talent of criticism.

In the year, Korney Ivanovich married a twenty -three -year -old Odessa citizen, daughter of an accountant of a private company, Maria Borisovna Goldfeld, his sister of Zabotinsky's wife. Her father-bugganter dreamed of giving her daughter for a solid Jew with capital, and not at all for a half-worshiping Beast, who is also two years younger than her. The girl had to run away from home.

The marriage was the only and happy. Of the four children born in their family, Nikolai, Lydia, Boris and Maria, only two elders lived - Nikolai and Lydia, who later became writers. The youngest daughter Masha died in childhood from tuberculosis. The son of Boris died in the year at the front; Another son, Nikolai, also fought, participated in the defense of Leningrad.

Lydia Chukovskaya was born in a long and difficult life, subjected to repression, survived the execution of her husband, the outstanding physicist Matvey Bronstein. After the revolution, Chukovsky prudently left journalism as a too dangerous activity, and focused on children's fairy tales in poetry and prose. Once Chukovsky wrote to Marshak: “You and I could die, but, fortunately, there are mighty friends in our world who are the name - children!

The question of the sources of the image of Dr. Aibolit is still very interesting and still discussed by literary critics. For a long time it was believed that the prototype of Dr. Aibolit is Dr. Dutlil, the hero of the book of the same name by the American children's writer Hugh Lofing. But here is the letter of the writer himself, dedicated to what helped him create such a charming image: “I wrote this fairy tale for a very, very long time.

And he decided to write her even before the October Revolution, because I met Dr. Aibolit, who lived in Vilna. His name was Dr. Tsemach Shabad. He was the kindest person I knew in my life.He treated the children of the poor for free. A thin girl will come to him, he says to her: “Do you want me to write you a recipe?” No, milk will help you, come to me every morning and you will get two glasses of milk.

And in the morning, I noticed, a whole queue was built to him. Children not only came to him themselves, but also brought sick animals. So I thought how wonderful it would be to write a fairy tale about such a good doctor. ” Probably the most difficult for the writer are the years. In addition to criticizing his own work, he had to endure heavy personal losses.

From the disease, his daughter Maria Murochka died, the son -in -law, physicist Matvey Bronstein was shot in M. Chukovsky, to find out about his fate, offended the thresholds of instances for several years. Saved work from depression. He worked on the translations of Kipling, Mark Twain, O. Henry, Shakespeare, Conan Doyle. For primary school children, Chukovsky retold the ancient Greek myth of Perseus, translated the English folk songs “Robin-Bobin Barabek”, “Jenny”, “Kotauysi and Mausi”, etc.

In the retelling of Chukovsky, Soviet children got acquainted with the “adventures of Baron Munchausen”, “Robinson Kruzo” D. Defoe, with the “little one The rain of the little -known J. In the life of Chukovsky became a truly source of strength and inspiration. In the X years, Korney Ivanovich started a retelling of the Bible for children. To this project, he attracted several giving hopes for children's writers and carefully edited their work.

The project, in connection with the anti -religious position of the authorities, advanced with a great creak.

So, the editorial office set a condition that the word “Jews” would not be mentioned in the book. The book, entitled “Babylonian Tower and other ancient legends” published in the publishing house “Children's Literature” in the year, but the entire circulation was destroyed by the authorities and did not go on sale. The first reprint available to the mass reader took place in the year.

In the last years of his life, Chukovsky is a popular favorite, laureate of many awards and a gentleman of various orders. At the same time, he maintained contacts with Solzhenitsyn, Brodsky and other dissidents, his daughter Lydia was prominent human rights activist. In the country in Peredelkino, where the writer constantly lived in recent years, he arranged meetings with the surrounding children, talked with them, read poetry, invited famous people, famous pilots, artists, writers, poets.

Former Peredelkino children still recall those gatherings at the cottage at Chukovsky. Once a teenager who was in Peredelkin asked: - Korney Ivanovich, they say you are terribly rich. This is true? Some think about money and make it - these become wealthy. But a real rich man does not think about money at all. The paradoxical advice of Chukovsky is also very curious, given to him by novice writers: “My friends, work disinterestedly.

They pay better for this. ” Shortly before his death, Chukovsky read someone’s memories of Marshak, who died a few years before, and drew attention to such a thing: it turns out that Samuel Yakovlevich defined his psychological age for five years. Korney Ivanovich was sad: “And I myself am at least six. After all, the younger the child, the more talented ... ”The source is Jewish.