Tsvetaeva Biography Summary

About the life and work of Marina Tsvetaeva was born the great Russian poetess Marina Ivanovna Tsvetaeva in Moscow on September 26 on October 8. Her family was among the labor scientific and artistic intelligentsia. Father, Tsvetaev Ivan Vladimirovich was a professor at Moscow University at the Department of Art Theory and World History. He was a famous philologist and artist, held the post of director of the Rumyantsev Museum.

In the year, from his light hand, the Museum of Fine Arts was opened. Alexander III now the museum named after Pushkin’s facade of which is decorated with a memorial plaque, perpetuating the memory of it. Mother Marina Tsvetaeva, Maria Alexandrovna was from the Russified Polish-German family. Being a talented pianist and nature is exceptionally sophisticated, she became the first to notice and appreciated the scary in the literary talent of Marina.

It was she who predicted her the fate of the poetess and, as the biography of Tsvetaeva shows, the words of the mother turned out to be prophetic. During her, alas, Maria Alexandrovna managed to have a “dominant influence” for the talent of her daughter, which there is more than once confirmation in the work of the poetess. Tsvetaeva began to write poetry from the age of six.

Her children's work sounded quatrains in Russian, German and French. The Tsvetaevs preferred to spend the winter in Moscow, and the hot summer was spent in a small cozy town Tarus of the Kaluga province. They often visited abroad, visiting Germany, Switzerland, France and Italy. Thanks to the efforts of her father, whose shoulders after death in the year of Maria Alexandrovna lay care for the family, Marina, her sister Anastasia and the half -brother Andrei received an excellent education.

The biography of Tsvetaeva Marina is replete with information about how versatile it was. The future poetess, at a very young age attended a music school, at the age of eleven she studied at the Catholic boarding house in Lausanne, then in a French boarding school. Together with her sister, Anastasia Asya, as her friends called her and home Marina, was trained in Germany Freiburg.

The development of languages ​​to Marina was given very easily. That is why at the age of fourteen she easily translated from the French drama "Eaglet" E. Unfortunately, the early works and translations of Tsvetaeva have not survived to this day. Returning from abroad, Marina studies at the Yalta female gymnasium, and then in the Moscow private boarding house. At sixteen, she independently goes to Paris for the only purpose - to listen to the course of lectures on the history of the development of old French literature in Sarbonne.

The biography of Tsvetaeva is full of significant dates and events, one of which is the output of her first poetic collection “Evening Album” G. She published it secretly from the family in the number of all copies. However, this contribution turned out to be enough for young talent to be immediately noticed by such criticism and influential critics in literary circles as poets N.

Gumilev, V. Bryusov and M. It was the latter, being fascinated and conquered by the depth of Marina’s talent, unexpectedly made a visit to the Tsvetaev family. After this first meeting, Voloshin and Tsvetaeva, despite the significant difference in age, became the closest friends, whose souls were related by poetry itself. Subsequently, the poetess was the most long -awaited guest in Voloshin’s house in Koktebel.

She often visited him here G. It was under the Crimean sky that Marina's acquaintance with her future husband, Sergey Efron, took place. The first years of marital life were full of romance and feelings. But since the year, the biography of Tsvetaeva Marina is filled with a continuous series of tests. Sergey Yakovlevich Efron, having an officer rank, adjoins the white movement and participates in Moscow battles with the Bolsheviks.

Under the command of General Markov, he defends Crimea from the advance of the Red Army, and then emigrates to Constantinople. Meanwhile, Marina desperately fights for the life of two daughters, trying not to let them die of hunger. It is gradually published in the State Property “Vyres” and “King of the Adverse”, for which she receives his meager rations. The youngest daughter, Irina dies from the disease.

For Tsvetaeva, this test turned out to be almost unbearable. She seems to be a bell from which they took the opportunity to “speak”. Tsvetaeva’s poems lose their melody and lightness, from them, like sand, life leaves through the fingers. All this time, Marina knows nothing about her husband's fate. At the end of the Civil War, from the year, she passes letters abroad in all possible ways, hoping that sooner or later they will find their addressee.

For the first time after a long separation, fate smiles at Marina and Sergey, they are found in Berlin. During this period, Tsvetaeva’s biography is somewhat fragmented, since it is based on attempts to bring together the rest of strength and start a new life in a foreign land. A small village of spouses is a small village near Prague, where the prices of products were minimal.

In the period from the G. G. Gradually, interest in her lyrics among emigrants goes out. In the year it is printed only once.An interesting fact: Tsvetaeva took out of Soviet Russia the handwritten collection of her poems “Swan Stan”, dedicated to the “Russian Vandee”, but did not dare to print it, despite numerous proposals. Marina gives birth to her son Gregory.

After that, they decide to move to France. Here their life does not become sweeter, since the only means to exist is a manual from the Czech Republic and the feasible help of friends. It is here that in the year the Light will see her last lifetime collection “After Russia”. Disappointed in the ideals of the white movement, Sergei Yakovlevich establishes ties with the pro -communist group and makes attempts to return to his homeland.

However, referring to the Soviet embassy for permission to enter, he is faced with an ultimatic "offer" to work on the NKVD. This is healed by ideals and human essence. The daughter and son support the idea of ​​returning to Russia and, as a result, the first Ariadne Efron steps on his native land. Sergey Yakovlevich returns after her, but soon because of participation in a political murder, he is again forced to escape.

Tsvetaeva lives as in some kind of numbness. She has no idea in which area of ​​activity the husband and daughter are involved. Investigators, having achieved nothing, were forced to let Marina let go, fearing that she would not go crazy. Tsvetaeva give permission to enter Russia. Together with her son, she comes to Moscow. The family’s reunion is long-awaited and even begins to seem that all the worst remains somewhere there, behind.

But then they suddenly arrest Ariadne first, and then Sergey. And again a series of trials begins.

Marina earns translations, trying to feed herself and her son. Every month she collects parcels in prison for her husband and daughter. With the outbreak of war, Tsvetaeva, among other writing intelligentsia, is evacuated from the capital. Together with her son, she first enters Chistopol, and by August is in Elabuga. Her spiritual and physical forces are running out. She is simply tired of starting all over from scratch and is already afraid to try to believe in something good.

A brief biography of Tsvetaeva usually only tells about how unbearably difficult the last years of her life were for her. Constant depression pushes the poetess to the decision to bring the Supreme Hourly closer to closer and after the next quarrel with Grigory on August 31, Marina Tsvetaeva takes herself life.