1829 Pushkin biography

Such periodization is connected not only with the events in the life of the poet, but also with the evolution of his work. The Tsarskoye Selo Lyceum childhood of Alexander Sergeyevich Pushkin passed in Moscow, where he was born on June 6 in the noble family. Pushkin spent the summer months in the village of Zakharovo near Zvenigorod. I read a lot, successfully mastered foreign languages, but studied poorly.

Nevertheless, in the year, the father decided to give his son to the newly open better educational institution of Russia - the Tsarskoye Selo Lyceum, where future political figures were prepared and gave higher education in six years. The lyceum period is usually called a period of poetic apprenticeship. Young Pushkin masters the traditions of predecessors. Many of his poems, created rather under the impression of lyceum lessons than from understanding life experience, are imitative at this time.

In poetry, Pushkin considers V. Zhukovsky and K. during this period more than three hundred poems, mainly in the spirit of "Easy" and "anacreontic" poetry: "To a friend of the poet", "to Natalia", "coffin of Anacreon", "Favan and the shepherd". The monument to Pushkin in Tsarskoye Selo The most famous poem of this period is the ode of “Memories in Tsarskoye Selo”, written in the year and read in the lyceum exam in the presence of G.

At the same time, Pushkin works on the fairy -tale poem “Ruslan and Lyudmila”. The success of the poem, the ease of the tongue brought Pushkin fame. Zhukovsky gave the young poet his portrait with the famous inscription: "The winner of the student from the defeated teacher." Derzhavin on the exam in the Lyceum listens to the young Pushkin Petersburg period begins in Pushkin’s life at the end of the lyceum in June.

He was assigned the rank of college secretary, this tenth grade on the tables of ranks and issued an appointment to the service in the College of Foreign Affairs. In the capital, the poet leads an active secular and literary life, visits theaters, balls, becomes a participant in the literary circles "Arzamas" and "Green Lamp". Pushkin's worldview is formed in a special atmosphere of waiting for public changes.

P. Chaadaev, future Decembrist N. Turgenev, the ideas of French enlighteners, have a great influence on the poet. The through motive of poems is the glorification of political freedom, a protest against autocratic power and serfdom. These poems were called Alexander the first "outrageous", for which the poet was exiled to the south of the Russian Empire in May. The southern link in June Pushkin arrived in Yekaterinoslav the current Dnepropetrovsk, where he stayed for 12 days and where the plan of the poem "Brothers-Brothers" the poem will be written a year later.

The head of Pushkin in the south, General Inzov, gave the poet a vacation, and for three months Pushkin makes a trip to the south of Russia, Kerch, Feodosia, Bakhchisaray, Simferopol, Gurzuf and the Caucasus. In Bakhchisarai, the plan of the poem "Bakhchisarai Fountain" is born. I walked around the palace with great annoyance to neglect, in which he expires in September returns to a new place of service - now the capital of Moldova, where General Inzov was transferred to Chisinau.

Pushkin has a significant impact on Pushkin with future Decembrists - figures of the Southern Secret Society, led by P. Pushkin’s house in Chisinau, where he lived with Pushkin, living in Chisinau for years, also visits the Moldavian village of Dolna here the plan of the poem "Gypsies", a monument to Pushkin in Chisinau Pronnestrovsky cities: Bender here, under The walls of the Turkish fortress, preserved to the present day, ended their days Swedish King Karl XII and hetman Mazepa, the plan of the poem "Poltava" is born here, a monument to Pushkin in Benders Tiraspol in the Tiraspol fortress was a friend of the poet Decembrist V.

Raevsky, and Pushkin manages to get poetry written by Raevsky in imprisonment, a monument to Pushkin in Tiraspol the current Ukrainian city of Odessa. He begins to work on creating a novel in verses "Eugene Onegin." He writes several lyrical poems in which freedom -loving motifs continue to sound: “Prisoner”, “To the Sea”, “Freedom Service Service”, “Dagger”, “Who, Waves, stopped you”, “Song of the Prophet Oleg”.

Creates a cycle of southern romantic poems: “Brothers-Robber”, “Caucasian captive”, “Bakhchisarai fountain”, “gypsies”. The monument to Pushkin in Odessa in the year General Inzov was dismissed from the post of governor of Bessarabia, and Count Vorontsov was appointed to his position.

The residence of the governor was transferred from Chisinau to Odessa. In August, Pushkin also moved there. Court of courtship of Vorontsov Elizaveta Ksaverievna, the lack of disposition to bureaucratic service, as well as the famous epigram on Vorontsov "Semi-Milord, Pushkin Semi-Kupets in Mikhailovsky, the link to Mikhailovskoye was painfully perceived by Pushkin.

The link could last an indefinite long time, so the theme of loneliness sounds in the lyrics of this period, a motive for the diligence "To Language", "Winter Evening". The loneliness of the poet is brightened only by communication with the nanny Arina Rodionovna and periodic visits to Trigorskoye.However, it is here, in the Russian outback, Pushkin really recognizes both Russian folklore and Russian nature.

Here, in Mikhailovsky, he completes his work on his last romantic work - the poem "Gypsies" and continues to work on the novel "Eugene Onegin". In Mikhailovsky, Pushkin writes his best verses about love: “Burned letter”, “Talisman”, “All the sacrifice of your memory of your best poem about the lyceum and lyceum friendship -“ October 19 ” - it is written here, in Mikhailovsky, in the year.

The tragedy“ Boris Godunov ”is created. The publication of the tragedy was first prohibited. The title hero, the culprit of the legitimate heir to the throne, the son of Ivan the Terrible Tsarevich Dimitri, was easy to see the hint of the hint of the first: the emperor was directly or indirectly involved in the death of his father, Paul of the first. Pushkin’s censor, was in no hurry with the resolution of the tragedy.

The publication was allowed in the year, and the ban on the production was lifted only in M ​​Alexander the Second, that is, 40 years after writing the tragedy and even 5 years after the abolition of serfdom! From the letter of Count A. Benkendorf - Pushkin three months after the release of the poet from exile in Mikhailovskoye on December 14, a gracious sovereign, Alexander Sergeyevich!

I had the happiness to present to the sovereign of the emperor your comedy about Tsar Boris and Grishka Otrepiev. His Majesty deigned to read this with great pleasure and on the subject I brought in this subject, he personally wrote the following: “I believe that the goal of G. Pushkin would be fulfilled if it would be the necessary cleansing of his comedy into a historical story or a novel, like a Valter of livestock.” Places that attracted the attention of His Majesty and requiring some purification are noted in the manuscript itself.

I am extremely flattering and pleasant to serve as an echo of the great -merciful attention of His Majesty to excellent talents of your. The poet in Mikhailovsky is visited by his lyceum friends, in particular, Ivan Ivanovich Pushchin. The poem “My first friend, my friend, is invaluable, in December of the year, Pushkin learns about the uprising in Senate Square and submits a petition for liberation from exile, but, on the advice of Zhukovsky, decides to stay in Mikhailovsky and not compromise himself in St.

Petersburg in such a difficult time. In July of the year, the leaders of the Decembri uprising, Rylev, Pestel, Pestan Muravyov-Apostol, Bestuzhev-Ryumin and Kakhovsky-were executed, and more than a hundred involved in the uprising of Siberia. On September 8, as a result, the poet, having promised not to act against the authorities, received freedom and liberation from general censorship.

In the work of this period, socio-philosophical and political topics prevail: “In the depths of Siberian ores, the intimate lyrics are represented by poems“ on the hills of Georgia ”,“ Winter Road ”,“ What in April of the year Pushkin makes Natalya Goncharova’s proposal, but her mother gives an indefinite answer. Being upset, the poet goes to the Caucasus to the army - this trip is described in "Travel to Arzrum." In the year, from the second "attempt" due to the insufficient, according to Mother Goncharova, the poet’s political blessing receives consent.

However, the wedding scheduled for the fall is postponed: the cholera epidemic begins in Moscow, and Pushkin is forced to linger in the village of Boldin of the Nizhny Novgorod province for three months. Boldin's autumn September - December - one of the most fruitful periods in Pushkin's work. Here, the poet completes the work on the novel in the verses of Eugene Onegin, writes five stories that made up the Belkin Tale cycle, the story “The History of the village of Goryukhin”, “House in Kolomna”, “The Tale of the Propes and the employee of his Balde”, the cycle “Little Tragedies”, more than thirty poems, including “Demons”, “My Riddle,” “Farewell”, “Mad years of the faded fun, Natalya Nikolaevna Goncharova, in Pushkin’s life in Pushkin’s life, then there will be two more“ Boldin's autumn ” - in the“ Queen of the Pink ”,“ The History of the Pugachevo Riot ”,“ The Copper Horseman ”,“ The Tale of the Dead Princess and the Seven heroes ”,“ The Tale of the Fisherman and the Fisherman ”and the Tale of Golden Cockerel ".

In recent years after the wedding, the newlyweds settled in the house on Arbat Street, 53, and in May left for several months in Tsarskoye Selo.In the fall, Pushkin receives permission to work in state archives to study materials related to the era of Peter the Great and with the history of the uprising of Pugachev. In the year, Pushkin travels around Russia, visiting places associated with the Pugachev uprising.

In recent years, Pushkin mainly writes prose: the novel "Dubrovsky", "Egyptian Nights", "Peak Lady", the novel "Captain's daughter". The historical theme is represented by the poem "Copper Horseman", "The History of Pugachev of the Pugachev riot." At the same time, four fairy tales of all Pushkin wrote six fairy tales, "Scenes from Knight's Times" were written. The lyrics of this period are mainly philosophical, related to the search for the meaning of life: “Autumn”, “Again, I visited the year, I began to publish my own literary magazine“ Contemporary ”, which will last up to a year.

It was in“ Contemporary ”in December of the year Pushkin published his last large work - the novel“ The Captain's Daughter ”. A. Pushkin’s cabinet in the apartment at the address: St. Petersburg, Moika embankment, 12 in November, Pushkin, offended by obvious courtship of Georges Dantes-Geckern for Natalia Goncharova Pushkin, caused an offender to a duel.

However, Dantes managed to prevent a duel, making an official proposal to Sister Goncharova, Catherine. Nevertheless, courtship did not stop, and the matchmaking and marriage of Dantes in Ekaterina Goncharova began to be stolen as a cover and as a way for Dantes to be closer to Natalya Nikolaevna - now as a relative. Such a wound at that time was fatal: the bullets did not know how to extract then, and the wound led to peritonitis.

Two days later, on February 10, A. Pushkin died in his apartment in St. Petersburg on the Moika embankment, Pushkin was appointed in the Isaacievsky Cathedral, which was announced in the newspaper, but the order was suddenly given to transfer the coffin to the temple of the Savior of a non -missed image on the stable square. From the memoirs of V.