Nesvizh castle biography

Another visiting card of Belarus is the Nesvizh Castle.

The palace-and-castle complex, standing in the northeast of the city of Nesvizh of the Minsk region and the land surrounding its lands belonged to one of the most famous and wealthy births of the country-the princely family of the Radziwills. The history of the Nesvizh castle for the first time is the city of Nesvizh in the middle of the 15th century in Lithuanian metrics, which tells how the Grand Duke Casimir IV gives it to Nikolai Nemirovich, while the city appears there only as a court, but not as a city or castle.

The next time, Nesvizh flashes in the sources closer to the end of the century as a gift from the Grand Duke of Lithuania Alexander, the merchant governor Montigerdovich, and already the beginning of the next century, they already write about Nesvizh as a place where the king sends land scribes. Based on the results of archaeological excavations, scientists conclude that at first the settlement was a kilometer east, and in the present place “moved” in the 16th century.

This is also confirmed by historical data that after the middle of the 16th century, people at the old place of location of the settlement no longer lived. The castle switched to the possession of Radziwill when Anna Gushka, the daughter of Montigerdich, who died in the year, married Yana Radziwill in the year. According to the plan, the Nesvizh castle is very similar to the Mirsky - the same outlines of the square with towers in the corners and above the entrance gates.

On the one hand, the courtyard was located a two -story palace, on the other, several buildings of a smaller size, in the center - a basil. The start of the construction of a stone building of the castle is considered to be May. Two moats around the castle at a certain distance from each other and easily versed in the event of the danger of the attack of the bridge through them made the lock almost island.

The castle shaft interfered with the shelling of the first floor of the buildings, blocking it with its height. After the death of the first owner of Nesvizh, his heirs preferred to live closer to the capital and were rarely in their non -impedances. Under him, an arcade gallery appeared between the palace and the three -story building, the transitions between the towers were arranged.

Although the Nesvizh Castle was not taken, the damage received rather damage - the burned roofs collapsed, the third floor of the palace burned out, the decor of the chapel was destroyed, part of the entrance throat and the clock tower over them were killed. In conditions of constant danger, the repair of the lost was made quickly, later it turned out that this decision was justified.

In the year, the castle was taken by cunning, but Casimir’s troops managed to recapture it in less than six months. After another 4 years, a new danger arose from the Khovansky army. But it did not reach the siege. At the end of the XVII century, not only the full repair of damage was carried out, but a large -scale reconstruction of all defense structures of the complex was also underway.

The forces were not equal and the castle had to be handed over. The ditches were digging, the fortifications and bastions were blown up, the guns were drowned, and most of the weapons were simply destroyed. At the same time, the gun in the Stockholm Royal Museum indicates that some of the Swedes were taken with them. In the early years of the XVIII century, another attempt was made to reconstruct the castle, but the work was sluggishly and by the time the castle of Mikhail Casimir Radziwill Pisces was still not completed by the time of entry into possession of the castle.

The new prince took up affairs with great enthusiasm, making the Nesvizh castle with his main residence. After the reconstruction was completed at the end of the xg. Nesvizh castle acquired an almost modern look. For thirty -eight years, when the owner of the castle was Mikhail Casimir Radziwill Rybonka in the complex, a chapel appeared, earned a fortress theater, a summer palace was rebuilt, a picture gallery appeared.

At the same time, throughout the XVIII century, the castle survived several more surrender, and all in front of the Russian troops. During the war of the year, almost all wealth were taken out of the Nesvizh castle by the Russian army. Coins and medals are stored at the Kharkov University, church utensils parted in Moscow churches, but the bulk of wealth is stored in the collections of the Hermitage.

In the first half of the 19th century, the castle gradually begins to decline, left without the presence of the owners. The owners returned only by the end of the century and immediately began restoration. At this time, part of the premises was restored, the territory was ennobled, another park was divided, wealth exported in the year was partially returned. During the First World War, Nesviz turned out to be a front -line city and was guarded by the Russian army.

During military operations, the castle turned into a infirmary. There is information, the hundred and treatment of the future prose writer Konstantin Paustovsky took place here, which later described in his story the rotten winter. In the year, Soviet power came to Nesvizh, and the Radziwills forced to leave the birth nest. Nesvizh was under the rule of the Germans, who managed to defeat only a year later during the Great Patriotic War in the castle, a hospital was organized again, and in the post -war period the building was given to the sanatorium, which was called “Nesvizh”, which is subordinate to the NKVD.Now in the castle there is a museum telling about the history of the complex and the fate of its collections.

Where is the Nesvizh castle and how to get to it geographical coordinates: Nesvizh, st. Zamkova, d. For this, from the Central Minsk bus station on Monday Wednesday or Friday, you need to take the only bus following the Minsk Klesk route. He departs once a day on the indicated days of the week - during the way it will be about two hours. Also, from the central and eastern stations of Minsk to Nesvizh, you can get by a minibus taxi.

The exact schedule must be clarified in advance, since it can change. The cost of visiting the inspection of the Nesvizh castle will cost 16 Belarusian rubles not an adult and 9 per child. If you arrive on the last Monday of the month, then the entrance to the castle will be free of work from May to September, the castle is ready to receive guests daily from until, in winter October - April - C to take into account that ticket boxes are completing work an hour earlier than the exposition.

What to see next to the Nesvizh castle, having arrived in Nesvizh, be sure to pay attention to the surroundings of the castle-take a walk in shady parks, go to the church, look at the city hall, go to the Slutsk gate, evaluate the expositions of the local history museum and give tribute to the memory of the Magician Heroes of the Heroes of the Heroes of the Lines of the Light.

Why should you visit? Nesvizh Castle is one of the most famous attractions of Belarus, who served as the residence of the richest genus of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania - Radziwills. At one time, he was the most powerful and perfect strengthening, and is considered the ancestor of the bastion structures in the country. The attractions of Minsk.